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hundred people in this house. Just as soon as the picks were seen coming through the roofs they all started
to run out and as they did this they were taken hold of by the soldiers. The leader was the last one to come
out and just as soon as he was outside the door he was grabbed by the soldiers and his five sons piled up on
them and the fight began.
They fought there for quite awhile. All the hostile people were fighting with the soldiers, hand to hand.
Finally the old chief was knocked out and all the sons had their hands tied up behind their backs. Their
father was strapped on to a horse and they were all taken to the Toreva School and there they were given
baths and clean clothes and what clothes they had on were taken away and burned.
The smallpox epidemic had not yet spread to Oraibi which was well guarded so that nobody could go there.
(The agent's name was Migle and the man in charge of the fumigation, etc., was Sam Shoemaker.) Most of
the leading men of the hostiles were put under arrest and taken to Keams Canyon the next day and then on
to Fort Defiance. They were kept at Fort Defiance for about 90 days and after that they were sent home, on
their agreement that they would behave, themselves. When they got home they turned back and were just
as hostile as before they were taken. They said the white man was a fool to let them go, for he was just
fooled by them.
They didn't make very much trouble from then on, though their ideas against the schools were just as strong
as ever and the two factions would be saying all kinds of things about one another. They were quiet from
then on, but, of course, many of their followers began to fall away from the hostiles because they thought
that the chief at Shung-opovi had not recognized them, so some of these people went back to Shipaulovi.
The trouble started again in the year 1906, and this was between the same two factions. It started in Shung-
opovi and this was during the time of the Bean Dance. The hostiles did not plant their crop of beans with
the others and eight days later they came into the kiva to plant their crop. One kiva was divided up--part
hostiles and part friendlies. The night of the dance they asked these hostiles to get their plants out of the
kiva because some young children who were not initiated into the Kachina ceremony
p. 65
would see the plants. But these men refused to take their plants away because it was against their law to
take plants out of the kiva before their time. So in order to have a dance they brought in several wedding
robes so as to hide the plants from the children. From then on those people were always fighting one
another. So again the hostile leader decided to leave. From there Tawahonganiwa and twenty-five to thirty
men and women moved to Oraibi. By this time Lololama was dead and his nephew, Tewaquoptiwa was
then chief of Oraibi, but Youkioma was stronger at this time. 41 When they got to the mesa top at Oraibi,
Youkioma's men met them. These men sprinkled sacred cornmeal on the path that the Shung-opovi people
followed to the village. Of course this was not the proper thing to do, for Youkioma was usurping the
chief's function and Chief Tewaquoptiwa did not like it.
The leading men from both sides held council every once in a while trying to see what must be done with
these people who were being taken in by Youkioma, and Youkioma always said that he had as much right
to do this as the chief. It was his "theory" that he was going to follow out what his great-uncles had taught
him of their traditions. This tradition told him that he was to destroy Oraibi or be destroyed himself. He
belonged to the Fire or Masauwu Clan. 42 This gave him the idea that his clan ancestor had the power to do
almost anything. This clan has the idea that Masauwu can hypnotize people, so he always had said that if
any expedition is sent against him all he has to do is to take out a handful of ashes and blow them on the
army and they would fall to pieces. Chief Tewaquoptiwa wanted to send these people back to Shung-opovi,
but Youkioma, of course, was standing up for them and if Tewaquoptiwa wanted to move them he would
have had to move him too. 43 He said that he had already had a site picked out somewhere in the north
called Kawishtima (a ruin in a canyon near Navajo Mountain). 44
As long as he had this site already picked out Tewaquoptiwa wanted to send him there, but Tewaquoptiwa
was in doubt that Youkioma would go there. Finally this trouble got so bad that if the two parties should
happen to meet out in the street they would start an argument and whoever was passing would stop too and
it would get worse and worse.
The people of Oraibi got so that they were very much troubled and impatient and at last they decided to [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]